The CDC, the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) jointly issue a child and teen immunization schedule each year. Then the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), with input from many liaison organizations, reviews the schedule to ensure consistency with new vaccine developments and policies, and publishes it each year. Before a vaccination can become part of routine medical practice, three steps must be taken: the FDA must license the vaccine; ACIP and the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the AAP and AAFP must recommend the vaccine for use; and the vaccine must be subsidized to cover children without private health insurance.

A booster, known as Tdap, is given at ages 11 to 12. A teen who missed this booster should receive it. Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus starts to fade over time, and a booster shot every 10 years is needed for protection.A. At ages 11 to 12B. At ages 18 to 21C. At age 50D. No further vaccine is needed

The vaccine routinely recommended to prevent meningitis in children prevents only the type of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). It does not protect against any other type of meningitis such as meningococcal or pneumococcal meningitis or viral meningitis. The pneumococcal vaccine is now routinely given to children and may decrease the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, although not enough time has elapsed since the beginning of routine pneumococcal immunization to verify that. Children ages 11 and 12 should receive the meningococcal conjugate vaccine to help prevent another type of meningitis. Meningitis is a general term for a viral or bacterial infection of the fluid of a person's spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Bacterial meningitis is usually more severe and may lead to brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disability. Before the 1990s, Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, but the Hib vaccine has dramatically reduced the occurrence of this illness.

This type of meningitis strikes quickly, causing severe headache, stiff neck, and fever, and is usually fatal. Often, by the time symptoms appear, treatment cannot save the victim. Meningococcal meningitis is spread by droplets in the air and by direct contact with an infected person, including coughing, kissing, and sharing cigarettes, utensils, cups, or lip balm—anything an infected person touches with his or her mouth. Those most at risk for this illness include high school and college students, particularly freshmen living in dormitories; U.S. military recruits; people traveling to countries that have an outbreak of meningococcal disease; and those who might have been exposed to meningitis during an outbreak. Although rare, the illness is significant enough that ACIP recommends all children ages 11 to 12 years of age get the meningococcal vaccine. The vaccine is also recommended for all teens entering high school who have not been previously immunized against it and for college freshmen living in dormitories. The protection lasts about three years.

Teens should receive the "catch-up" chickenpox (varicella) vaccine if they missed it as a child. In childhood, the vaccine is routinely given in two doses, the first at ages 12 to 15 months and the second at ages 4 to 6 years.A. If they never had chickenpoxB. If they never had a chickenpox vaccinationC. Teens don't need a chickenpox vaccinationD. A and B

The risk for hepatitis A increases with certain lifestyles (males who have sex with males, or users of illegal drugs) and occupations (health care or laboratory workers who come in contact with the hepatitis A virus). Anyone at increased risk should be vaccinated. Teens with clotting-factor disorders or chronic liver disease should also receive the vaccine. (Any child age 2 or older who may be exposed to hepatitis A can receive the vaccine; it is often combined with the vaccine for hepatitis B.) Two doses of the vaccine are given six months apart.

Hepatitis B immunization is now recommended by ACIP for all adolescents.

Adolescents are just as likely to get the flu as children or adults. Teens are less at risk for complications of the flu because they are healthy with strong immune systems; those at highest risk for complications are the very young and the elderly. Although flu shots aren’t required for teens, the CDC strongly recommends annual flu shots for everyone, no matter what age.

Although most people think of immunizations given as shots, newer vaccines can be given by other means. The flu vaccine comes in a version that sprays in the nose. This version is available for children and adults ages 5 to 49. The typhoid vaccine is given by mouth. Other vaccines are given by injection: DTaP, MMR, and Hib, for example.

Most children get a second MMR around ages 4 to 6 years, when they start school. Some children, however, miss getting that second MMR and must make it up at the beginning of high school. Rubella, the “R” in MMR, can cause severe development problems and mental retardation in the developing fetus. Requiring teens to get a second MMR ensures complete immunity to rubella, so that when a young woman later gets pregnant, rubella will not cause problems for her developing child.